The “Cold Food” Festival
寒食节
清明节是一个祭祀祖先的节日,也是农历二十四节气之一,一般在每年的4月4日至6日之间。清明过后,气温升高,雨水增多,正是春耕春种的大好时节。
Qing Ming Festivalis a time to offer sacrifices to our ancestors,which is also one of the the 24 solar terms,generally takes place from four to six of April every year.After Qing Ming Festival, it is golden chance for spring ploughing because of the moderate temperature and sufficient rain.寒食节是清明节的前一天,禁烟火,只吃冷食。传说这个节日是为了纪念春秋时期的介子推。介子推是晋国的大夫,在公子重耳手下做事。在一次宫廷斗争之后,重耳被迫带着麾下幕僚逃亡列国。流亡期间,他们吃尽了苦头。为了救活快要饿死的重耳,介子推割下了自己腿上的肉,煮给他吃。然而,历经艰辛最终复国之后,重耳却把介子推的救命之恩抛诸脑后。介子推自此隐退,与母亲隐居深山。
The “cold food” festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming Festivaland on this very day, fireworks were forbidden,every house must eat cold food.It's said that this festival was to commemorate Jie Zitui of Spring and Autumn Period.Jie Zitui is a bureaucrat,working for Jin prince Chong'er.After a conflict, Jin prince Chong'er ran away from the country with his supporters due to persecution.They had suffered hunger and other difficulties during his exile.Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of flesh on his own leg.When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he forgot his faithful follower Jie Zitui.So he led a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.重耳自觉有愧,遂亲自前往山中寻找介子推。可是谷深林密,无迹可寻,于是下令焚山,要逼介子推出山。可是他终究没有出现。后来,有人发现他和母亲相拥死去,还留下血书:“割肉奉主尽丹心,但愿主公常清明”。为了纪念介子推,重耳下令在这一天各家各户都不得生火,只可吃冷食。
Jin prince Chong'er felt guilty of it, so he himself headed to the mountains and searched Jie Zitui.But the mountains were too dense to find.Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire.To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and burnt to death hugging with his mother.And a blood-letter left for him which reads:“Cutting flesh only for lord, hoping owner always Qing Ming.”To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires of every house to be put out and only cold food allowed on the anniversary of Jie's death.如今,清明节前夕熄灭灶火的习俗已不复存在,但植柳、祭祖、扫墓的习惯一直流传至今。清明节期间,人们纷纷举家前去扫墓,祭拜已故的先人。
Nowadays, putting out cooking fires before Qing Ming Festivalwas not exist any more.But planting willow trees, ancestor worship, sweeping the graves were still popular.People often go to sweep the graves of their departed saints.清明节向来是艺术家钟爱的创作话题。北宋画家张择端绘制的《清明上河图》是中国的国宝级文物。这一绢本画卷现存于北京故宫博物院。画面充满生机:熙熙攘攘的道路,热闹的集市,生机勃勃的村落,摩肩接踵的城市街道。画面上有五百多人,以及几十种不同的动物、车辆、轿子、桥梁和船只,生动地再现了清明节期间喧闹的节日气氛。
Artists are keen on the topic of QingMing Festival, 'Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival' ,which is a national-treasure cultural relic, drawn by Zhang Zerui of North Song dynasty.This treasure was kept in the Palace Museum of Beijing.You may enjoy a vivid life through it: hustling and bustling road, busy market, vigorous village, narrow streets.There are over 500 marketers and dozens of animals, wheel carriages, sedan chairs,bridges, and ships,which all present a holiday atmosphere during Qing Ming Festival.
“Zhong Qiu Jie”, which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.It is a time for family members and loved ones to congregate and enjoy the full moon-an auspicious symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns.农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天,每个家庭都团聚在一起,一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。此时,大人们吃着美味的月饼,品着热腾腾的香茗,而孩子们则在一旁拉着兔子灯尽情玩耍。
“Zhong Qiu Jie” probably began as a harvest festival.The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.中秋节最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。后来,月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了它神话色彩。
According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it.One day, all 10 suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat.The earth was saved when a strong archer, Hou Yi, succeeded in shooting down 9 of the suns.Yi stole the elixir of life to save the people from his tyrannical rule, but his wife, Chang-E drank it.Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom young Chinese girls would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.传说古时候,天空曾有10个太阳。一天,这10个太阳同时出现,酷热难挡。弓箭手后翌射下了其中9个太阳,拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不死药,却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下。此后,每年中秋月圆之时,少女们都要向月宫仙女嫦娥祈福的传说便流传开来。
In the 14th century, the eating of mooncakes at “Zhong Qiu Jie” was given a new significance.The story goes that when Zhu Yuan Zhang was plotting to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty started by the Mongolians, the rebels hid their messages in the Mid-Autumn mooncakes.Zhong Qiu Jie is hence also a commemoration of the overthrow of the Mongolians by the Han people.在14世纪,中秋节吃月饼又被赋予了一层特殊的含义。传说在朱元璋带兵起义推翻元朝时,将士们曾把联络信藏在月饼里。因此,中秋节后来也成为汉人推翻蒙古人统治的纪念日。字串7
During the Yuan Dynasty(A.D.1206-1368)China was ruled by the Mongolian people.Leaders from the preceding Sung Dynasty(A.D.960-1279)were unhappy at submitting to foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without it being discovered.The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes.Packed into each mooncake was a message with the outline of the attack.On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attacked and overthrew the government.What followed was the establishment of the Ming Dynasty(A.D.1368-1644).Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this event.在元朝,蒙古人统治中国。前朝统治者们不甘心政权落入外族之手,于是密谋策划联合起义。正值中秋将近,起义首领就命令部下制作一种特别的月饼,把起义计划藏在每个月饼里。到中秋那天,起义军获取胜利,推翻了元朝,建立明朝。今天,人们吃月饼纪念此事。
漫话寒食节
寒食节的具体日期,古俗讲究在冬至节后的一百零五天。现在山西大部分地区是在清明节前一天过寒食节。榆社县等少数地方是在清明节前两天过寒食节。垣曲县还讲究清明节前一天为寒食节,前二天为小寒食。
寒食和清明,本是我国古代的两个节日,大致在公历每年4月5日前后。这两个节日时间相近(中间仅隔一天),习俗相连,故逐渐合二为一,时至今日,很多人只知“清明”而不知“寒食”了。
寒食节的起源说法不一。《周礼》云“仲春以木铎修火禁于国中”。《荆楚岁时记》则有 “冬至后一百五日,谓之寒食,禁火三日”的记载。另一种说法是寒食禁火导源于介之推,《邺中记》云:“冬至后一百五日为介之推断火冷食。”这是指春秋时代,晋国公子重耳,在出亡的十九年中,介之推始终伴随,曾割下了自己腿上的肉为重耳充饥。后来重耳复国执政,史称晋文公,据史书记载“晋侯赏从亡者,介之推不言禄,禄亦弗及。”介之推说:“天末绝晋,必将有主,二三子以为己力,不亦诬乎!”遂与其母楷隐绵山(在今山西省介休县,又称介山)。晋文公得知后亲往求之,之推避而不见。文公火焚绵山,介之推守志不移,终不下山,母子双双抱木而死。后来人们为了纪念他,就在这天不举烟火,并把这天定为“寒食节”。
以上说法始于晋宋,此前未见记载。据《周礼·秋官·司煊氏》称:“……仲春以木铎修火禁于国中。”汉代郑玄注:“为季春将出火也。”所谓“火”,指“心宿二”,即行星中的“大火”(火星)。古人迷信,认为春季见于东方的“苍龙七宿”属木,而季春三月黄昏时火星(大火)从东方升起,“惧火之盛,故为之禁火”(《后汉书·周举传》李贤注)。其实,这才是寒食节的真正起因。
《赵书》里有这么一段记载,赵王石勒不准老百姓发怀古之幽情,下令禁止群众过寒食节。这天突然狂风大作,劈雷闪电,暴雨夹带冰雹,一时间平地水深三尺。石勒大惊,只得收回成命,让老百姓象过去一样过寒食节。从这个记载来看,石勒的禁令与狂风暴雨这样的自然现象纯属巧合,并没有什么神秘的地方,但却反映了狂暴的统治者,把自己的意志强加于人民,意在取消这个传统节日,是很不得人心的。
今天,山西民间禁火寒食的习俗多为一天,只有少数地方仍然习惯禁火三天。晋南地区民间习惯吃凉粉、凉面、凉糕等等。晋北地区习惯以炒奇(即将糕面或白面蒸熟后切成骰子般大小的方块,晒干后用土炒黄)作为寒食日的食品。一些山区这一天全家吃炒面(即将五谷杂粮炒熟,拌以各类干果脯,磨成面)。
寒食节,民俗要蒸寒燕庆祝,用面粉捏成大拇指一般大的飞燕、鸣禽及走兽、瓜果、花卉等等,蒸熟后着色,插在酸枣树的针刺上面,装点室内,也作为礼品送人。
而清明节比寒食节还要古老。传说,大禹治水成功之后,人们为了纪念水患已除,遂将春分之后第十五日定为清明节,以示“清平安乐”。
关于清明节扫墓习俗之由来,也有两种说法。一说是汉元帝为追念前朝将军萧望之,故有“使祭其冢”之举。至隋唐时,清明扫墓祭祀已成习俗。另一说是,清明扫墓习俗始于大禹治水成功之时,当时人们为了悼念治水期间牺牲的英雄烈士,纷纷前往墓地祭扫。
此外,清明节还有踏青、戴柳、射柳、换装、斗鸡、打球、放风筝、荡秋千等习俗。
关于寒食节古诗
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,大家一定没少看到经典的古诗吧,古诗准确地来说应该叫格律诗,包括律诗和绝句。你所见过的'古诗是什么样的呢?以下是小编整理的关于寒食节古诗,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
关于寒食节古诗1寒食
孟云卿
二月江南花满枝,他乡寒食远堪悲。
贫居往往无烟火,不独明朝为子推。
寒食
韩翃
春城无处不飞花,寒食东风御柳斜。
日暮汉宫传蜡烛,轻烟散入五侯家。
《和子由寒食》
苏轼
寒食今年二月晦,树林深翠已生烟。
绕城骏马谁能借,到处名园意尽便。
但挂酒壶那计盏,偶题诗句不须编。
忽闻啼贝惊羁旅,江上何人治废田。
《途中寒食》
宋之问
马上逢寒食,途中属暮春。可怜江浦望,不见洛桥人。
北极怀明主,南溟作逐臣。故园肠断处,日夜柳条新。
《寒食上冢》
杨万里
迳直夫何细!桥危可免扶?远山枫外淡,破屋麦边孤。
宿草春风又,新阡去岁无。梨花自寒食,进节只愁余。
关于寒食节古诗2寒食帖
苏轼
一曰:
自我来黄州,已过三寒食,年年欲惜春,春去不容惜。
今年又苦雨,两月秋萧瑟。卧闻海棠花,泥污燕支雪。
闇中偷负去,夜半真有力。何殊病少年,病起须已白。
二曰:
春江欲入户,雨势来不已。小屋如渔舟,蒙蒙水云里。
空庖煮寒菜,破灶烧湿苇。那知是寒食,但见乌衔纸。
君门深九重,坟墓在万里。也拟哭途穷,死灰吹不起。
关于寒食节古诗31、伊川桃李正芳新,寒食山中酒复春。——宋之问《寒食还陆浑别业》
2、新坟青嶂叠,寒食白云垂。——齐己《哭郑谷郎中》
3、无花无酒过清明,兴味萧然似野僧。——王禹偁《清明》
4、甲戌清明鬓未翁,邦君过我小园中。——方回《追怀甲戌清明宇文信仲知郡大卿同尤张二倅过》
5、一樽径籍青苔卧,莫管城头奏暮笳。——赵鼎《寒食》
6、惆怅东栏一株雪,人生看得几清明。——苏轼《东栏梨花》
7、桑柘外秋千女儿,髻双鸦斜插花枝。——卢挚《蟾宫曲·寒食新野道中》
8、酒行寒食清明际,人在蓬壼阆苑间。——秦观《次韵王仲至侍郎》
9、别后依依寒食里,共君携手在东田。——韩翃《送冷朝阳还上元》
10、常年寒食在京华,今岁清明在海涯。——徐铉《寒食成判官垂访因赠》
11、三月清明天婉娩。晴川祓禊归来晚。——欧阳修《渔家傲·三月清明天婉娩》
12、欲过清明烟雨细。小槛临窗,点点残花坠。——欧阳修《蝶恋花·欲过清明烟雨细》
13、春空云淡禁烟中,冷落那堪客里逢。——朱孟德《西夏寒食遣兴》
14、江烟白,江波碧,柳户清明,燕帘寒食。——史达祖《钗头凤·寒食饮绿亭》
15、贫居往往无烟火,不独明朝为子推。——孟云卿《寒食》
16、万物鲜华雨乍晴,春寒寂历近清明。——温庭筠《寒食前有怀》
17、江树春云野水,梨花暮雨寒食。——张可久《满庭芳·感兴简王公》
18、寒食孤村外,春山远寺钟。——宋登春《寒食西郊望八岭山作》
19、东风节气近清明,车马争来满禁城。——张籍《喜王起侍郎放牒》
20、踏青寒食追游骑,赐火清明忝侍臣。——欧阳修《和较艺将毕》
21、酹入梅根,万点啼痕暗树。——吴文英《扫花游·西湖寒食》
22、清明上巳西湖好,满目繁华。——欧阳修《采桑子·清明上巳西湖好》
23、烟火谁开寒食禁,簪裾那复丽人行。——唐彦谦《毗陵道中》
24、一年谁似清明节,忍向天涯除破休。——赵蕃《舟中清明》
25、日斜无计更留连,归路草和烟。——薛昭蕴《喜迁莺·清明节》
26、黄蜂频扑秋千索,有当时、纤手香凝。——吴文英《风入松·听风听雨过清明》
关于寒食节古诗41、墦间人散後,乌鸟正西东。——范成大《清明日狸渡道中》
2、正是落花寒食夜,夜深无伴倚南楼。——韩偓《寒食夜》
3、寒食清明等闲过,日长翻覆压书眠。——洪咨夔《清明二绝·梨花匼匝不见叶》
4、清明雨足麦欣欣,旋敕奴婢修破囷。——苏辙《春无雷》
5、处处逢花,家家插柳。政寒食、清明时候。——戴复古《锦帐春·处处逢花》
6、雨下飞花花上泪,吹不去,两难禁。——陈子龙《唐多令·寒食》
7、车声上路合,柳色东城翠。——孟浩然《清明即事》
8、丹心终不改,白发为谁新。——胡皓《和宋之问寒食题临江驿》
9、童颜若可驻,何惜醉流霞。——孟浩然《清明日宴梅道士房》
10、关中寒食雨,湖上暑衣天。——李频《送狄明府赴九江》
11、今岁清明行已晚,明年寒食更相陪。——李隆基《初入秦川路逢寒食》
12、笑看家人竞时节,争持新火照清明。——张耒《清明卧病有感二首·支离卧病逢佳节》
13、清明时候雨初足,白花满山明似玉。——喻良能《三月六日清明节道中》
14、拆桐花烂漫,乍疏雨、洗清明。——柳永《木兰花慢·拆桐花烂漫》
15、不知何处火,来就客心然。——沈佺期《寒食》
16、好风胧月清明夜,碧砌红轩刺史家。——白居易《清明夜》
17、衣裳著时寒食下,还把玉鞭鞭白马。——张籍《舞曲歌辞·白纻歌》
18、洛阳寒食苦多风,扫荡春华一半空。——吴融《途中阻风》
19、睡红醉缬。还是催、寒食看花时节。——吴文英《浪淘沙慢·夷则商赋李尚书山园》
20、乌啼鹊噪昏乔木,清明寒食谁家哭。——白居易《寒食野望吟》
21、寒食清明数日间,青青杨柳与谁攀。——方岳《山行·寒食清明数日间》
22、白筼衣鲜紫骝马,清明酌酒梨花下。——贝琼《己酉清明》
23、梨花村落清明后,梅子园林五月前。——李流谦《贻长松寺慈禅师》
24、清和时节如寒食,昨日街头人卖饧。——胡仲弓《卧听》
25、犹忆年时寒食祭,天家一骑捧香来。——林景熙《梦中作·珠凫玉雁又成埃》
26、就解佩旗亭,故人相遇。——吴文英《扫花游·西湖寒食》
关于寒食节古诗51、惆怅双鸳不到,幽阶一夜苔生。——吴文英《风入松·听风听雨过清明》
2、况是清明好天气,不妨游衍莫忘归。——程颢《郊行即事》
3、二月江南花满枝,他乡寒食远堪悲。——孟云卿《寒食》
4、只欠翠纱红映肉,两年寒食负先生。——杨万里《春晴怀故园海棠二首》
5、两见梨花归不得,每逢寒食一潸然。——赵嘏《东望》
6、坐想兰亭通曲水,行闻上已接清明。——贺铸《呈李之仪》
7、海雪楼前雪一株,岁岁清明醉花底。——杨基《湘阴庙梨花(有序)》
8、时霎清明,载花不过西园路。——吴文英《点绛唇·时霎清明》
9、迳直夫何细!桥危可免扶?远山枫外淡,破屋麦边孤。——杨万里《寒食上冢》
10、旗亭唤酒,付与高阳俦侣。——周邦彦《琐窗寒·寒食》
11、花落草齐生,莺飞蝶双戏。——孟浩然《清明即事》
12、寒食尚赊花水近,妻孥煎去到天明。——梅尧臣《依韵和戏题》
13、上元灯火胡尘里,寒食田园野草生。——晁说之《夜风雨声甚恶》
14、怕清明几度伤怀,关节得荼老且慢开,春已听榆钱断买。——张可久《沉醉东风·琼花蝶粉霜》
15、卧对一枝愁病酒,清明今日雨兼风。——高启《对梨花》
16、夜深微雨润堤沙,香风万家。——王元鼎《醉太平·寒食》
17、渐红湿杏泥,愁燕无语。——吴文英《扫花游·西湖寒食》
18、把酒看花想诸弟,杜陵寒食草青青。——韦应物《寒食寄京师诸弟》
19、刚与病相宜,锁窗薰绣衣。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食》
20、下里又寒食,寒居犹去年。——赵蕃《又呈庆伯》
21、谁家寒食归宁女,笑语柔桑陌上来?——辛弃疾《鹧鸪天·鹅湖归病起作(其二)》
22、景物偏堪,车马游人览,赏清明三月三。——张可久《南吕·一枝花·湖上归长天》
23、雨洗清明万象鲜,满城车马簇红筵。——皮日休《登第后寒食杏园有宴,因寄录事宋垂文同年》
24、汉寝唐陵无麦饭,山溪野径有梨花。——赵鼎《寒食》
25、肠漫回,隔花时见,背面楚腰身。——吴文英《渡江云三犯·西湖清明》
26、上苑风烟好,中桥道路平。——白居易《洛桥寒食日作十韵》
关于寒食节古诗61、去年寒食杏花新,扶杖犹同过北邻。——程嘉燧《清明拜张二丈墓(同子柔作)》
2、愁见清明后,纷纷盖地红。——李建勋《金谷园落花》
3、年老逢春雨乍晴,雨晴况复近清明。——邵雍《年老逢春十三首·年老逢春雨乍晴》
4、桃花无限思,留客看清明。——止庵法师《题桃花小禽图》
5、濛濛烟雨网春晖,南陌清明二月时。——李弥逊《春雨》
6、山园近寒食,春事总芳菲。——喻良能《遣兴·山园近寒食》
7、春光何止二分空,寒食都无数日中。——陆游《山园杂咏·春光何止二分空》
8、海燕未来人斗草,江梅已过柳生绵。——李清照《浣溪沙·淡荡春光寒食天》
9、寒食杏花江店雨,春衣柳絮驿程埃。——高启《送贾文学以郡荐赴礼部试毕归吴》
10、年逾弱冠即为老,节过清明却似秋。——韩偓《惜春》
11、试上吴门看郡郭,清明几处有新烟。——柳公权《阊门即事》
12、东风卷尽辛夷雪,逆旅清明节。——赵长卿《虞美人·春寒》
13、乱山深处过清明。不见彩绳花板、细腰轻。——苏轼《南歌子·和前韵》
14、三月十三寒食日,春色遍天涯。——欧阳修《越溪春·三月十三寒食日》
15、冬至寒食一百五,中有一转平实语。——释普宁《偈颂四十一首·冬至寒食一百五》
16、可惜一片清歌,都付与黄昏。——黄孝迈《湘春夜月·近清明》
17、早晚到家春欲尽,今年寒食月初圆。——窦巩《南阳道中作》
18、霁日园林好,清明烟火新。——祖咏《清明宴司勋刘郎中别业》
19、花已清明近,茶将谷雨前。——黄彦平《田家春日二首·迟日芳众草》
20、欲及清明火,能销醉客酲。——李德裕《忆茗芽》
21、今朝天气清明好,江上乱花无数开。——杨维桢《漫兴七首》
22、谁家此墓临古道,寒食无人来祭扫。——全室宗泐《墓上花》
23、清明陌上香车路,认得萧郎不敢言。——屠隆《长条曲为友人赋二首·流水飞霞旧日恩》
24、烟火临寒食,笙歌达曙钟。——孟浩然《李少府与杨九再来》
25、清明天气晴更佳,山林川谷多莺花。——仇远《寒食游陈园》
26、二月江南花满枝,他乡寒食远堪悲。——孟云卿《寒食》
关于寒食节古诗71、寒食数日间,春事求诸野。——曹勋《山居杂诗九十首·春雪翳重霄》
2、听风听雨过清明,愁草瘗花铭。——吴文英《风入松·听风听雨过清明》
3、云白山青万余里,愁看直北是长安。——杜甫《小寒食舟中作》
4、杜草开三径,文章忆二贤。——贾岛《清明日园林寄友人》
5、清明又近也,却天涯为客。——曹组《忆少年·年时酒伴》
6、慵试春衫,不禁宿酒,天涯寒食。——张元干《柳梢青·清山浮碧》
7、荼蘼芍药几何日,寒食清明又一春。——方岳《上冢·一杯麦饭洒悲辛》
8、寒食清明等闲过,日长翻覆压书眠。——洪咨夔《清明二绝·梨花匼匝不见叶》
9、怎如柳絮帘栊,梨花庭院,好天气清明时候。——高明《戏文·蔡伯喈琵琶记》
10、闻道山阴会,仍为火忌辰。——胡皓《和宋之问寒食题临江驿》
11、平原累累添新冢,半是去年来哭人。——云表《寒食诗》
12、桐花半亩,静锁一庭愁雨。——周邦彦《琐窗寒·寒食》
13、大堤欲上谁相伴,马踏春泥半是花。——窦巩《襄阳寒食寄宇文籍》
14、寒食纸钱树,旧游莎草畦。——陈著《到白水有感》
15、好天良夜三通角,寒食清明一掷梭。——唐时升《和沈石田先生咏落花二首·绝代佳人奈老何》
16、庭轩寂寞近清明,残花中酒,又是去年病。——张先《青门引·乍暖还轻冷》
17、过清明,还谷雨。杨柳丝丝,化作愁千缕。——宁调元《苏幕遮·过清明》
18、才过清明,渐觉伤春暮。——李冠《蝶恋花·春暮》
19、棠梨花映白杨树,尽是死生别离处。——白居易《寒食野望吟》
20、想东园、桃李自春,小唇秀靥今在否。——周邦彦《琐窗寒·寒食》
21、东风惆怅欲清明,公子桥边沉醉。——张泌《满宫花·花正芳》
22、寒食不小住,千骑拥春衫。——辛弃疾《水调歌头·寒食不小住》
23、寒食今朝是,颠风半夜来。——项安世《风雨望武昌岸》
24、桃杏枝头春才半,寒食清明又是。——吴潜《贺新郎·笑口开能几》
25、清明涕泣江边望,千里东风一梦遥!——曹雪芹《金陵十二钗正册——贾探春》
26、料得他乡遇佳节,亦应怀抱暗凄然。——韩偓《寒食日重游李氏园亭有怀》
平安夜的由来与传统
简介:平安夜(Silent Night),即圣诞前夕(Christmas Eve,12月24日),在大部分基督教国家是圣诞节节日之一,但现在,由于中西文化的融合,已成为世界性的一个节日。平安夜传统上是摆设圣诞树的日子,但随着圣诞节的庆祝活动提早开始进行,例如美国在感恩节后,不少圣诞树早在圣诞节前数星期已被摆设。延伸发展至今平安夜不仅是指12月24日晚了,指的是圣诞前夕,特指12月24日全天,但由于一般节日氛围在晚上容易调动起来,大型活动都集中在晚上,固被称作平安夜,更加贴切。届时,千千万万的欧美人风尘仆仆地赶回家中团聚。圣诞之夜必不可少的庆祝活动就是聚会。大多数欧美家庭成员团聚在家中,共进丰盛的晚餐,然后围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁,弹琴唱歌,共叙天伦之乐;或者举办一个别开生面的化妆舞会,通宵达旦地庆祝圣诞夜是一个幸福、祥和、狂欢的平安夜、团圆夜。期待着圣诞节的到来,据说圣诞之夜,圣诞老人会悄悄地给孩子们准备礼物放在长筒袜里。
Christmas Eve is the evening before Christmas Day, the widely celebrated annual holiday.It occurson December 24 in Western Christianity and the secular world, and is considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society, where it is widely observed, by Christians and by many others, as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day.Christmas celebrations have long begun on the night of the 24, due in part to the Christianliturgical day starting at sunset, a practice inherited from Jewish tradition and based on the story of Creation in the Book of Genesis: “And there was evening, and there was morning – the first day.” Many churches still ring their church bells and hold prayers in the evening;for example, the Nordic Lutheran churches.Since tradition holds that Jesus was born at night(based in Luke 2:6-8), Midnight Mass is celebrated on Christmas Eve, traditionally at midnight, in commemoration of his birth.The idea of Jesus being born at night is reflected in the fact that Christmas Eve is referred to as Heilige Nacht(Holy Night)in German, Nochebuena(the Good Night)in Spanish and similarly in other expressions of Christmas spirituality, such as the song “Silent Night, Holy Night”.Many other varying cultural traditions and experiences are also associated with Christmas Eve around the world, including the gathering of family and friends, the singing of Christmas carols, the illumination and enjoyment of Christmas lights, trees, and other decorations, the wrapping and/or opening of gifts, and general preparation for Christmas Day.Legendary Christmas gift-bearing figures including Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind, and Saint Nicholas are also often said to depart for their annual journey to deliver presents to children around the world on Christmas Eve, although until the Protestant introduction of Christkind in 16th-century Europe, such figures were said to instead deliver presents on the eve of Saint Nicholas' feast day(December 6).重点解析 Key Phrases/Words 1.occur(v.)发生,出现,存在
2.Western Christianity 西方基督教(拉丁语:Ecclesiae Occidentales)3.secular(adj.)现世的,俗界的;长期的,长久的;不朽的;一世纪一次的4.Christendom and Western society 基督教和西方社会 5.in anticipation of 期待着„;预计到„ 6.due in part to 因为...的原因 7.liturgical(adj.)正礼拜仪式的 8.Jewish tradition 犹太传统
9.in commemoration of(adv.)纪念 10.varying(adj.)不同的,变化的
11.be associated with 和...联系在一起,与...有关
12.illumination(n.)照明;阐明,解释清楚;物照度;彩饰,图案花饰 13.Santa Claus 圣诞老人
14.depart for(v.)出发去(某地)15.deliver(v.)发表;递送;交付;16.Protestant(n.)新教教徒(adj.)新教教徒的;新教的
17.Saint Nicholas' feast day 圣尼古拉斯节(每年的12月6日是欧洲传统的“圣·尼古拉斯日”(St.Nikolas day)。传说每年的这一天,尼古拉斯都会给孩子们带来糖果和小礼物,而他的随从克拉普斯(Krampus)则会惩罚那些这一年中做了坏事的孩子。)节日:圣诞节为什么要有袜子?
It is said that there was a goodness man went broke his domain.He lived a hard life and he had three daughters.The three daughters were being married but he didn't have money to buy dower for his daughters.传说有个心地善良的没落贵族,生活非常艰难。三个女儿快要出嫁了,他为没有钱给她们买嫁妆而难过。
On the happy Chrismas Eve, three girls went to be dearly.They didn't know that their father was so worried。
喜庆的圣诞夜,三个姑娘早早地蜷在炕上睡觉了,剩下父亲在长吁短叹。
At last the Chrismas father decided to help them.He be sprinkled gold through the stack and the gold fell into the socks of the man's daughters.They lived a happy life from then on...Chrismas socks was origined by this。圣诞老人决定帮助他们。他在他们家的烟囱里撒下了许多金子,落进姑娘们烤在火炉旁的长统丝袜里。从此,他们过上了幸福而快乐的生活„„圣诞节的袜子就这样产生。
圣诞节知识大扫盲
1.圣诞节的来历是什么?
In Christianity, Christmas is the festival celebrating the Nativity of Jesus, the Christian belief that the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament's Messianic prophecies was born to the Virgin Mary。
在基督教的传统中,圣诞节是为庆祝基督耶稣降生的节日。基督教徒相信,弥赛亚告知圣母玛利亚孕育了上帝的儿子耶稣。2.传统的圣诞习俗有哪些?
Even in countries where there is a strong Christian tradition, Christmas celebrations can vary markedly from country to country.For many Christians, a religious service plays an important part in the recognition of the season.Secular processions, featuring Santa Claus and other seasonal figures are often held.Family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a widespread feature of the season。圣诞习俗国与国之间非常不同。对基督教徒来说,在圣诞节举行相应的宗教仪式必不可少。世俗的传统,通常包含圣诞老人和其他节日特征。家庭会在这一天团聚、互换礼物。
3.各国的圣诞大餐都吃些啥?
A special Christmas family meal is an important part of the celebration for many, but what is actually served can vary greatly from country to country.In England, and countries influenced by its traditions, a standard Christmas meal would include turkey, potatoes, vegetables, sausages and gravy, followed by Christmas pudding or mince pies.In Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, fish often provides the traditional main course, but richer meat such as lamb is increasingly served.Ham is the main meal in the Philippines, while in Germany, France and Austria, goose and pork are favored.Beef, ham and chicken in various recipes are popular throughout the world。
和习俗一样,各国的圣诞大餐也有差别。在英国,和英语文化圈,标准的圣诞大餐通常包括火鸡、土豆、蔬菜、香肠和肉汁,以圣诞布丁或碎肉派结尾;在波兰等东欧国家、包括斯堪的纳维亚半岛,鱼是圣诞餐的主菜,不过近年来类似羊肉的红肉也越来越盛行;火腿是菲律宾的主菜;在德国、法国和澳洲,鹅和猪肉是人们喜爱的菜肴;另外的,牛肉、火腿和鸡肉的菜肴在全球的圣诞菜单上都很流行。4.圣诞的传统装饰都有哪些?
Since the 19th century, the poinsettia, a native plant from Mexico, has been associated with Christmas.Other popular holiday plants include holly, mistletoe, red amaryllis, and Christmas cactus.Along with a Christmas tree, the interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along with garlands and evergreen foliage.In Australia, North and South America, and Europe, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights and sometimes with illuminated sleighs, snow-men, and other Christmas figures.The traditional colors of Christmas are pine-green(evergreen),snow white, and heart red。
自19世纪开始,一品红,一种原产于墨西哥的植物就和圣诞节联系起来。其他流行的圣诞装饰植物还包括冬青树、懈寄生(拜痞子蔡所赐相信大家都知道了那个著名的关于亲吻的故事)、红色宫人草和蟹爪兰。它们和圣诞树、花环、绿叶一起用以装饰房间。在澳洲、南北美和欧洲,还有用灯泡、发光的雪橇、雪人和其他圣诞人物装饰屋子外部的传统。圣诞节最传统的装饰颜色是青色、雪白和大红。
5.圣诞赞歌有什么来源吗? In the thirteenth century, in France, Germany, and particularly, Italy, a strong tradition of popular Christmas songs in the native language developed.Christmas carols in English first appear in 1426.The songs we know specifically as carols were originally communal songs sung during celebrations like harvest tide as well as Christmas。
13世纪,法国德国、特别是在意大利,用当地语言写成的圣诞歌开始流行起来。第一首英语的圣诞赞歌写于1426年。现在为我们所熟知的那些圣诞赞歌应该是和丰收节的传统一
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