1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.
2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.
3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.
4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome.
5. As is known man is the product of labour.
6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.
7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.
8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.
9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable.
10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.
11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments.
12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years.
13. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided.
14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.
15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do.
16. In my opinion, this com*r is different from that one you saw.
17. It is certain that we have a long way to go.
18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.
19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.
20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.
21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year.
22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts.
23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.
24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English.
25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out.
26. We will be successful as long as we persevere.
27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not ap* to things happening here.
>1. 电子商务 electronic commerce
造句练习：在数字时代，电子商务在经济领域扮演着越来越重要的作用。
参考答案：In digital era, electronic commerce plays an increasing role in the field of economy.
>2. 投资 investment
造句练习：按照国际惯例，在一个国家教育投资应该占其国民生产总值的4%。
参考答案：In line with international convention, education investment in a country should account for 40 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP for short).
>3. 购买力 purchasing power
造句练习：经济的'发展使国民的购买力大幅提升，从而有更多的钱用于教育、旅游、日常开销等。
参考答案：Economic growth brings citizens greater purchasing power which makes it available for them to cover education, travel，daily expenses and so forth.
>4. 消费 v. consume ;n. consumption
造句练习：在人们生活水*大幅提高的今天，更要倡导理性消费。
参考练习：Today while living level are greatly advanced, rational consumption should be advocated even more.
>一、出题内容
六级考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。具体说来可以分为两个方面：
(1)关于大学生的话题：
(2)关于社会问题的话题：
>二、出题形式
六级考试作文的`出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。
根据具体特点六级考试作文可以分为以下五个类型：对立观点型、解决问题型、谚语警句型、图表图画型、应用写作型。
(一)对立观点型
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on
the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The First sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline below:
1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......
2. 也有人持不同意见，......
3. 我的看法和打算
(二) 解决问题型
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
语文写作基础:阐述观点有理有据
知识要点：
2、议论文的三要素包括论点、论据和论证。
3、写简单的议论文，努力做到有理有据。
考试说明：
我们在报刊上、书籍中经常看到的政论文、社论、短评、小评论、杂感、序跋、宣言、声明、开幕词、以及用文字记录下来的讲话稿、报告等都属议论文。议论文在“两个文明建设”和日常生活中有着极大的作用。我们必须努力学习和掌握这种文体的写法。
1、议论文的三要素
每一篇议论文，都离不开论点、论据和论证。因此，鲜明的论点，确凿的论据，严密的论证，是议论文的三个基本要素。
①正确。写议论文的目的是为了宣传真理、明辨是非、分清正误、区别美丑，所以，思想观点正确是首要的。
Helicopter strike force, fish cheung tanked, and eagle soar, heaven and earth have a xiang nine days alone, solitary bully the power of the sky; Cicada to usurp the role of ”cicada“, then only the branches, mediocre. Su Shiceng tells us: ”into the big, you not only the world of the ancient, also have perseverance of the volunteers“. Empty talk one cavity revenge, will be ineffective.
May 18 look back in the spring and autumn has quietly away from me. And I knew that he was acting the cicadas, looking back scaned the age of 18 in the spring and autumn period, only talk the talk, alone in the branches, does nothing, heart can not help relief stuff, but in this time, 18 in the spring and autumn is the sea a bouquet. But life is 18 several spring and autumn period, stand up to us to squander? Looking at that time in the history of, listen to this ”absolutely know this matter to practise.“ The great poet lu you's great melody. Lu you already understand this truth, doing is better than saying, each person's success, not to say that come out of, if not just rhetoric, rhetoric that was just a belly empty, hustle, a paper, and the language is also good.
Listening to the bing xin's stars: ”four or five flowers of speech opening the behavior of the fruit of the junction progressively more small.“ Thoughtfully in the heart, the thunder again big, if the rain is too small, also is just a bluff. Work is the most true, actions speak louder than words. Today's symbol of today's symbol of buffett's daughter proud as a child, at a dinner party, the father for the daughter bragging about their future will certainly become a great writer, for his father. Father buffett didn't happy appreciates his daughter was determined, and instead ask her: ”can you say what you have several works and appreciation for it?“ Daughter stammer said not to come out, buffett and great anger, roar a way: ”leave the table and return to your bedroom to reflect on yourself, remember, when you didn't do anything, don't dream of becoming.“ Daughter proud when I was young, at a dinner party, the father for the daughter bragging about their future will certainly become a great writer, for his father.
Father buffett didn't happy appreciates his daughter was determined, and instead ask her: ”can you say what you have several works and appreciation for it?“ Daughter stammer said not to come out, buffett and great anger, roar a way: ”leave the table and return to your bedroom to reflect on yourself, remember, when you didn't do anything, don't dream of becoming.“ Grandiloquence who will say that, but if you don't do, talk again good. Buffett in all successful, because he took the time to do not say.
In the law of the survival of the fittest, all kind of frosty day race in the vast world of freedom, only action, to succeed.
高一英语对比观点类作文模板
(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为。。。
2. 另一些人认为。。。
3. 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think
②-------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④------(我不同
意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said,
I agree to the thought that ⑥----------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
如何清楚阐述口语表达观点
托福口语部分的第一题和第二题是针对日常生活中常见的人事物，描述或表达自己的看法和观点。考查考生的思维应对能力。某一话题阐述自己的观点是托福口语部分的第一题和第二题的考试内容。通常这类话题针对日常生活中常见的人事物，考生需要对其进行描述或表达自己的看法和观点。主要是考查考生的思维应对能力。那么我们如何在托福口语考试中阐述自己的观点呢?
1、尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述，单刀直入，这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心，让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题，从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题，则应该开门见山地回答问题，切入主题，阐明自己的观点，从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间，如果有多余的时间，则可以再增添一句总结的话语，使叙述详尽完整。
2、在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇，这样使文章的逻辑顺畅，条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系，但是西方人不同，他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系，如果按照中国人的思维去说英语(课程)，在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列，这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述，则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列，讲述时由浅至深，增强逻辑性与条理性。所以，在练习口语的过程中，最好请一位外教跟踪辅导，为学生纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。
3、在描述时，应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化，不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁，这样常常收效甚微。西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述，如描述环境很优美，不应该仅仅说“it's beautiful outside”，而可以去描述flower，tree，bird等细节，增强生动性。
4、面对十分概括的问题时，许多考生会觉得十分难以开口，只能让时间白白流失，痛失了分数。针对这类问题，就应该将问题缩小到一个具体的事物进行叙述和讨论，缩小问题寻找突破口，这种方法也是所有宽泛问题的应对方式。
托福口语的逻辑发音你摸清楚了吗?
按照总分结构迎合英语表达方式
考生首先要做的是尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述，单刀直入，这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心，让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题，从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题，则应该开门见山地回答问题，切入主题，阐明自己的观点，从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间，如果有多余的时间，则可以再增添一句总结的话语，使叙述详尽完整。
多用逻辑词汇串联表述内容
在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇，这样使文章的逻辑顺畅，条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系，但是西方人不同，他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系，如果按照中国人的思维去说英语，在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列，这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述，则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列，讲述时由浅至深，增强逻辑性与条理性。所以，在练习口语的过程中，最好请外教或者英语高手进行辅导，为学生纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。
多用细节减少抽象话语
在描述时，大家应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化，不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁，这样常常收效甚微。西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述，如描述环境很优美，不应该仅仅说“it's beautiful outside”，而可以去描述flower、tree、bird等细节，增强生动性。
将概念问题缩小到具体事物
面对十分概括的问题时，许多考生会觉得十分难以开口，只能让时间白白流失，痛失了分数。针对这类问题，就应该将问题缩小到一个具体的事物进行叙述和讨论，缩小问题寻找突破口，这种方法也是所有宽泛问题的应对方式。
总而言之，以上就是托福口语阐述观点的4个步骤，口语重视的是逻辑和发音。逻辑是重中之重，所以我们在口语考试的时候不要紧张，思路一定要清晰。
The novel the old man and the sea shows the struggle of a kind of outlook on life. Even in the face of the unconquerable nature, people can still win moral victory. Perhaps the result is failure.
But in the process of struggle, we can see how a person becomes a real person with indomitable spirit.
中文翻译：
《老人与海》小说表现了一种人生观的抗争，即使面对不可征服的自然，但人们仍然可以获得道德上的胜利也许结果是失败，但在斗争的过程中，我们可以看到一个人是如何成为一个不屈不挠的精神的真正的人。
Topic: Do you prefer to become a leader or a follower?
你想当领导还是追随者？
Hello ,everyone!
Today, I willtalk about the topic of ”Do you preferto become a leader or a follower?“ My choiceis the leader. To be a leader can improve my various abilities, such as communication, organization, leadershipand the ability of emergency handling. But to be a leader is not easy, I think thatleaders need to have the following capabilities:
First, the spirit of learning. Only by continuous learningcan a person always stands in forefront of the times.
Second, avoiding the greedypursuit of money. The leader should not let his eyes glued to the wealth, butmaintain the pursuit of an ideal person.
Third, continuously carrying theirinnovative spirit. Only by constantinnovation can he better develop the human beings.
Fourth, the ability of finding eachstrengths and making full use of them by constant encouragement.
In the end, tell you a little truth,if you want to be a great leader, you must first be a good follower!
By Shen Yan
英语观点类作文范文（二）
Topic:Do you prefer to study alone on work assignment from class or to study ingroup?
喜欢独自完成作业还是小组合作？
Good morning everyone, myname is ZhengYao, my topic is ”do you prefer to study alone on work assignment fromclass or to study in group“.
As everyone knows , studyingalone can improve the ability of , I thinkstudying in group is a better way, because it canimprove the learning interest of the students .And we can not only save timebut also encourage each other.
In the group learning, the way of a few people sitting together around a tablehas broken the traditional form of classroomseat in group can stimulate the students'desire to learn, strengthening students' awareness to participate actively
I still remember when I was in Grade 8, my physicswas very poor. I had a really hard time with it. Once in class, I studied withsome classmates together. I was very relaxed and asked my classmates a lot ofquestions about physics. I didn’t feel stressed out at all. Atlast, I finished my homework by myself for the first time. How excited I was!Because of studying in groups, I am not worried about physic any more. I getmore confidence with my classmates’ help. It also givesme more chances to improve myself in many ways.
So I prefer studying in a group to studying on my own.
Thank you for yourlistening.
By Zheng Yao
托福口语阐述观点技巧介绍 让考官听懂你想表达什么
托福口语阐述观点技巧介绍
1、尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述，单刀直入，这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心，让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题，从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题，则应该开门见山地回答问题，切入主题，阐明自己的观点，从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间，如果有多余的时间，则可以再增添一句总结的话语，使叙述详尽完整。
2、在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇，这样使文章的逻辑顺畅，条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系，但是西方人不同，他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系，如果按照中国人的思维去说英语，在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列，这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述，则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列，讲述时由浅至深，增强逻辑性与条理性。所以，在练习口语的过程中，大家需要注意及时纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。
3、在描述时，应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化，不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁，这样常常收效甚微。西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述，如描述环境很优美，不应该仅仅说“it's beautiful outside”，而可以去描述flower，tree，bird等细节，增强生动性。
4、面对十分概括的问题时，许多考生会觉得十分难以开口，只能让时间白白流失，痛失了分数。针对这类问题，就应该将问题缩小到一个具体的事物进行叙述和讨论，缩小问题寻找突破口，这种方法也是所有宽泛问题的应对方式。
如何改善托福口语的临场发挥
IBT口语-23分并不难-口语考试注意点.响口语考试的因素一般有以下几个：
(1)场的顺序，听到不少板油在嚷，进入考场太晚，受到干扰之类的,
(2)话筒，看到不少人后悔考试的时候忘了对准麦克风，分数只有14，15分,
(3)声音的大小，到了考场就知道，这样的考试方法注定在考口语的时候非常混乱，闹哄哄的，所以声音小的人，必然吃亏,
(4)小聪明，看多很多人在口语考试的时候先听别人讲，然后再自己开始，以为这样可以听到题目。偶在现场试过，实际上比较困难，会听到别人回答的内容，但是你不能确实推断出题目，会影响对题目的第一判断。偶考试的时候吃亏在第一题，因为听到一个朋友在回答，稍稍听了一下他的回答，但是导致自己跟着他的思路走，考试的时候忘了后面怎么回答，因为只听到部分。
(5)紧张，这个每个人都有.
当然问题还有很多，目前所知的就这些，那么如何避免以上这些问题呢：
(1)关于进入考场的顺序，老师一般是按照名字字母的顺序ABCD...安排考位的，偶当时考得时候Z，最后第三个进去，做听力最后几段的时候，的确不少朋友开始试音了，对听力有部分干扰。考口语的时候，少数先进去的讲完了，但是大部分人都还在讲，感觉现场比较乱，如果心理状态不是很好的朋友，很容易受到干扰。所以就口语而言，其实先进的朋友还是有一定优势的。当然有部分朋友会觉得如果先进的话，就不能使所谓的“小聪明” ,这就是问题4，先提上来解决。
(2)关于话筒，其实没有所谓的什么位置最好，只要你考试的时候注意把话筒拿下来，拉到嘴巴边，就可以了。很多人之所以忘，是因为太紧张了，所以得到非常低的分数。
(3)声音一定要响亮。这个原因前面讲过了，所以在练习的时候，一定练习声音响亮。其次，声音响亮也是自信的表现。
(4)很多人有机经看多了，有这样的心态，想到现场听题，因为的确是完全有机会听到别人的回答。但是这边给个良心建议，考试的时候千万不要报这种心态，非常影响考试的情绪，原因我也讲过了，如果抱着这种心态，你会千方百计去听别人的回答，而完全忘记的自己准备的内容。所以奉劝各位一句：如果你是花时间准备了，相信自己，不需要这种手段，同样可以考好。
(5)紧张如何克服呢?我之前看多机经，不少朋友会利用口语考试前休息的10分钟，把自己准备的口语模版默写下来，把纸对折成4，一张纸正反面即可。我亲身实践了一下，完全可行。中间问老师要了些白纸和换了铅笔，然后默写模版，时间刚刚好，当然我没有出去吃东西或者上厕所，考试的时候，默写的时候，模版在左，笔记在右，感觉挺胸有成竹的，一点都不紧张。回答的时候，就像填空差不多，读一读就好了。大家也看到，IBT口语-23分并不难,如果大家也这么准备，相信23分应该不是问题。Good luck!
托福口语每天大声练20分钟
托福口语考试对考生最具挑战性的一点是考生几乎没有深入思考的时间，从给出题目到开始考试，只有短短的15秒钟，却要求在45秒钟之内给出一个有头有尾的完整回答。老师说，托福考试是对考生英语素质的考察，很多考生面对计算机，不自觉就会出现很多口头禅，有英文的：well,you know等或者毫无意义的“啊、嗯”的音节，更有甚者，将自己的中文口头禅也说出来。这些无意义的词语出现在只有45秒的口语答案中，很具杀伤力。
老师建议考生在答题时尽量放松心情，发音能让人听懂就可以。考生对于口语题的准备应主要集中在人、地、物、事几个大方面，可以提前准备一些相关的句型，考试的时候适当代入。考生尽量在45秒的答题时间内，充分展示自己的词汇量，做到流利准确。
口语备考多说多反馈
很多人都知道英语要多说，但是真正做到每天都说的人很少。建议考生多做题，每天至少大声说足20分钟。光说还不行，要与人对话、与电脑对话，尽可能多地获得反馈。如果能够让老师听，指出发音或语法错误是最好。最简单的反馈是将自己说的英语做录音后，反复听，检查错误。指出只说不反馈，永远不会进步。
最后，总结说，托福备考是一个很乏味的过程，除了反复做题外，口语和写作还要积极获得各种反馈。一定要有坚持到底的信念，态度很关键，每天做足练习，不要轻言放弃。只有坚持到最后，才能获得成功。
托福口语高分考生都有哪些特点
托福口语考试高分考生的总体优点：
1、他们的语音语调比较标准，或者说非常标准。
2、他们的语言表达非常的流利连贯。
3、他们在考场上表现的自信和大方。
对于正在备考的朋友来说，这三大优点，是完全可以提前培养好的：
(1)平时练习段子的难度要适中!比如，你不要拿GRE阅读来练发音朗读。要想清楚，你要做的朗读段子练发音，而不是练阅读理解。
(2)这个阅读材料要有一个漂亮的音频跟它相匹配，这样你跟着音频去跟读，去朗读。
(3)了解语音语调知识。比如说哪些音和哪些音容易混淆。
(4)朗读时，声音要端坐挺胸、大声清晰、音调准确。
(5)你在读这个东西的时候，你可以把它录下音来，让你周围的朋友，英语发音比较好的朋友去帮你听一听，把你的错误给你挑出来。
(6)阅读的材料，不在于你读了多少段，而在于在读每一段，每一遍，你是不是有所改进。你把10-20个段子，每个段子都读得特别棒，就OK了。
托福口语阐述观点技巧介绍
百变句子开头使你的句型多变
1.以同位语作为句子的`开头。
The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party. 2.以单个修饰语作为句子的开头。
这个修饰语可以是形容词、分词或副词。
Young and ambitious,JieYu works hard to teach Englsih.
Secretly, the girl entered the room.
With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.
Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.
3.以短语修饰语作为句子的开头。
短语修饰语可以是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及独立主格结构。
In front of me stood a beautiful girl.
To pass the exam, the students worked hard.
Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.
Your homework finished, you may go home.
4.用从句作为句子的开始。
If I am free, I will attend your lecture.
Whenever one goes, whatever one does, one needs money.
英语小作文开头常用短语句式
With the growing popularity of in China, the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.
With the growth of , many problems such as are beginng to surface
正反观点论述类作文模板
导入：
第1段：(导入话题)
(观点有分歧)
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)
.(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)
(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：
第4段： (个人观点)
高中英语观点类作文模板：观点论述类议论文模板
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision . (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)
正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论：
第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构)
高中英语观点类作文模板：段首句
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. Some students think it’s a good idea to keep pets because old people who live alone at home can get some comfort from pets. Besides, getting along well with animals will make our life interesting. On the contrary, the other students are against the idea. In their opinion, if too many people keep pets at home, it is bad for the environment. What is worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people.
I like animals, so I don’t think it is bad to keep pets at home. But we must take some measures to prevent them from polluting our environment or causing other troubles.
My favourite occupation
If you ask me what is my favourite will say “A teacher” without any is because of my teachers’ impact on me..
Teachers are considered as the greatest occupation in the try their best to help their students obtain the knoeledge and become useful people in think I will be in honor of teachers .
It is easier to say than to be a good teacher is not easy,so I should establish good foundation now .To study much harder is certainly addition ,try to learn the methodology from the teach old man Endlish in your neighbourhood in your spare time,this can let you have much experience.
I believe that I will be a good teacher in the future.
我的业余爱好
如果你问我什么是我最喜欢的职业，我会说:“老师”毫不犹豫的。这是因为我的老师对我的影响。
老师都被看作是世界上最伟大的职……他们尽其所能来帮助学生获得knoeledge变成有用的人,在社会上我认为我将会在荣誉的教师。
这是更容易说比要成为一名好老师是不容易的，所以我应该建立了良好的基础。学习更加努力的`确是必要的。此外，努力学习的方法从教老人Endlish在你的邻居在业余时间，这可以让你有很多经验。
我相信,我会成为一名优秀的教师。
1 ---人---tend to have a favorable attitude toward ------
2 Using bicycle contributes greatly to people’s physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
3 The harder you work, the more progress you make.你越努力，你越进步。
4 Many people seem to overlook the basic fact:许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实：
5 Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.听音乐能使我们放松。
6 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge
我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。
7 There is no one but longs 人们都希望------
8 So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。
THE outcome was never in doubt. On December 12th America s central bank kept shortterm interest rates unchanged at . What mattered was the statement accompanying the Federal Reserve s decision. Although Ben Bernanke and his colleagues gave a nod to the slowing economy , they repeated that they still considered inflation a bigger worry than weak growth.
That is not what Wall Street has been thinking. According to the latest Blue Chip monthly survey, four out of five financial forecasters reckon the central bank s next move will be to cut the federal funds rate. Some once optimistic seers have been busy cutting their growth forecasts. The price of fed funds futures suggests that financial markets see a 20% chance of lower interest rates by April. This had been close to 70%, but unexpectedly strong growth in jobs and then retail sales in November has caused some in the markets to think a rate cut less likely.
The central bankers are simultaneously more cautious and more optimistic than many on Wall Street. With core inflation still well above the 12% rate they unofficially deem appropriate, Mr. Bernanke and his colleagues are genuinely worried about price pressure. Although fuel costs have fallen shar*, core consumer prices, which exclude the volatile categories of food and energy, still rose by in the year to October. The Fed s preferred price gauge, the core personal consumption deflator, went up by in the year to October, only a little short of the fastest pace for a decade. With inflation still too high, cautious central bankers see scant reason for abandoning their hawkish rhetoric.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica
A) On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.
B) More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.
C) The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.
D) Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.
E) Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.
F) Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,” said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.
G) Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2024. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.
H) Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.
I) But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.
J) Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security” influence their moves.
K) China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George lsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring here and other research.” Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,” he said.
L) As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.
M) Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.
N) Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 20_, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 20_.
O) However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 20_ to rebuild the Brazilian station.
P) Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 20_, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.
Q) “The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states are over.” Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”
36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.
37. Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.
38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.
39. According to geologists’ estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.
40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.
41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treaties before their expiration.
42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.
43. Antarctica’s harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.
44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.
45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.
参考答案
Section B
Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica
36. [J]
37. [C]
38. [E]
39. [G]
40. [D]
41. [I]
42. [B]
43. [H]
44. [Q]
45. [L]
托福口语考试中阐述自己的观点
在托福口语表达的过程中，清晰的阐明自己的观点是最为重要的一个环节。就某一话题阐述自己的观点是托福口语部分的第一题和第二题的考试内容。通常这类话题针对日常生活中常见的人事物，考生需要对其进行描述或表达自己的看法和观点。此类题目更多的是考查考生的思维应对能力。那么我们如何在托福口语考试中阐述自己的观点呢?
1、尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述，单刀直入，这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心，让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题，从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题，则应该开门见山地回答问题，切入主题，阐明自己的观点，从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间，如果有多余的时间，则可以再增添一句总结的话语，使叙述详尽完整。
2、在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇，这样使文章的逻辑顺畅，条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系，但是西方人不同，他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系，如果按照中国人的思维去说英语，在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列，这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述，则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列，讲述时由浅至深，增强逻辑性与条理性。所以，在练习口语的过程中，最好请一位外教跟踪辅导，为学生纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。<
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